Language practices and language change among transnational migrants to South Africa, 1990-2020
a survey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18309/ranpoll.v52iesp.1588Keywords:
Language and identity, Language as social and economic capital, Language adaptation, Migration and languageAbstract
This paper reviews research on language use among transnational migrants to South Africa since 1990, taking this as a convenient starting point as the year of the first official announcement of the renouncement of apartheid, leading to its legal dismantling in 1994. Whereas South Africa had previously encouraged European migration to the country, limited migration from Asia (mainly from Taiwan) and a controlled circular migration of mining workers from neighbouring countries of Southern Africa, it now experienced a greater scale of global flows from other parts of the world that had not been permitted during apartheid. The result has been an even greater increase in the diversity of languages in local communities. This paper provides an overview of the main concerns and emphases of researchers covering new migrations from Asia and the rest of Africa to South Africa.
Downloads
References
BLOMMAERT, J. Discourse: A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
BLOMMAERT, J. The Sociolinguistics of Globalisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
BOUILLON, A. Les amagongo: Immigrants Africains Francophones En Afrique Du Sud. Paris and Johannesburg: IFAS-ORSTOM, 1996.
BOUILLON, A. New African immigration to South Africa. Communications of the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, n. 3, Cape Town, 1998.
CHAMANGA, C. Language and Repertoire Change in Transnational Migration: A Comparison between first- and second-generation Zimbabweans in Cape Town. 2016. Dissertation (M.A.) - University of Cape Town, 2016.
CHEKERO, T.; MORREIRA, S. (2020). Mutualism Despite Ostensible Difference: HuShamwari, Kuhanyisana, and Conviviality Between Shona Zimbabweans and Tsonga South Africans in Giyani, South Africa. Africa Spectrum, v. 55, n. 1, p. 33–49, 2020.
CRUSH, J.; TEVERA, D. (Eds.). Zimbabwe's Exodus, Crisis, Migration and Survival. Southern African Migration Programme, IDRC, 2010.
DAVIDS, A. The Afrikaans of the Cape Muslims from 1815 to 1915. Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2011.
DE KADT, E.; IGE, B. O. Finding ‘‘Space’’ in South Africa: Constructing identity as a Nigerian. In: FINLAYSON, R.; SLABBERT, S. (Eds.) Languages and identities in a postcolony. Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang, 2005. p. 121–146.
DESAI, U. Investigation of Factors Influencing Maintenance and Shift of the Gujarati Language in South Africa’. 1997. Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1997.
DEUMERT, A.; MABANDLA, N. ‘Every day a new shop pops up’ – South Africa’s new Chinese diaspora and the multilingual transformation of rural towns. English Today, v. 29, n. 1, p. 44-52, 2013.
DEUMERT, A.; MABANDLA, N. Globalization off the beaten track – Chinese migration to South Africa’s rural towns. In: WEI, L. (Ed.). Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora Worldwide. London: Routledge, 2015. p. 15-31.
DYERS, C; WANKAH, F. J. Uncovering and negotiating barriers to intercultural communication at Greenmarket Square, Cape Town’s ‘world in miniature’: An insider’s perspective. Per Linguam, v. 26, n. 1, p. 1-12, 2010.
DYERS, C.; WANKAH, F. J. ‘Us’ and ‘Them’: the discursive construction of ‘the Other’in Greenmarket Square, Cape Town. Language and Intercultural Communication, v. 12, n. 3, p. 230-247, 2012.
DYERS, C. The semiotics of new spaces: Languaging and literacy practices in one South African Township. Stellenbosch: AFRICAN SUN Media, 2018.
GOFFMAN, E. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1963.
GOVENDER, S. C. On the Fringes of a Diaspora: An appraisal of the literature on language diaspora and globalization in relation to a family of Tamil-speaking, Sri Lankan migrants to South Africa. Dissertation (M.A.) - University of Cape Town, 2012.
HUNGWE, C. The Migration Experience and Multiple Identities of Zimbabwean Migrants in South Africa. Online Journal of Social Sciences Research, v. 1, n. 5, p. 132-138, 2012.
HURST, E. English and the academy for African skilled migrants: The impact of English as an ‘Academic lingua franca’. In: MAADAD, N.; TIGHT, M. (Eds.). Academic Mobility. Bingley, UK: Emerald Books, 2014. p. 153-173.
HURST E. Local villages and global networks: the language and migration experiences of African skilled migrant academics. Globalisation, Societies and Education, v. 15, n. 1, p. 50-67, 2017.
IDEMUDIA, E. H.; WILLIAMS, J. K.; WYATT, G. E. Migration challenges among Zimbabwean refugees before, during and post arrival in South Africa. Journal of Injury and Violence, v. 5, n. 1, p. 17-27, 2013.
KAMUANGU, G. K. Language, immigration and ethnicity: The choice of language in DRC immigrant families. 2006. Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of the Witwatersrand, 2006.
KERFOOT, C.; TATAH, G. Constructing invisibility: the discursive erasure of a black immigrant learner in South Africa. In: KERFOOT, C.; HYLTENSTAM K. (Eds.). Entangled discourses: South-North Orders of Visibility. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 37-58.
LANGENE, D. Livelihoods of post-Apartheid Congolese migrant traders in Cape Town’s Greenmarket Square: a sociolinguistic investigation. 2020. Dissertation (M.A.) - University of Cape Town, 2020.
MAI, M. M. Assessing Patterns of Language Use and Identity Among Cameroonian Migrants in Cape Town. 2006. Dissertation (M.A.) - University of the Western Cape, 2006.
MCKINNEY, C.; SOUDIEN, C. IALEI country report: Multicultural education in South Africa, 2010. Available in: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2010-IALEI-Country-Report-Multicultural-Education-McKinney-Soudien/af60c5ce186ab1a26ed609d8bc37e0e4c37a55df#paper-header
MESTHRIE, R. Language in Indenture: A Sociolinguistic History of Bhojpuri-Hindi in South Africa. London: Routledge, 1991.
MESTHRIE, R. Contacts and contexts: varying diasporic interactions and outcomes for Indian languages in South Africa. Paper presented at the Linguistic Society of America, January 2018 meeting. In press (Journal of Sociolinguistics).
MESTHRIE, R.; NCHANG, D.; ONWUKWE, C. Encounters with xenophobia: language experiences of Cameroonian and Nigerian migrants in South Africa. Paper presented at the ‘From Xenophobia to Pan-African Citizenship: Confronting Internalized Colonialism’ conference, Institute for Democracy, Citizenship and Public Policy in Africa, University of Cape Town, March 2020.
MOSALA, S. G. The work experience of Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa. ILO Sub-Regional Office for Southern Africa, Harare: ILO, 2008.
NCHANG, D. Language, Migration and Identity: Exploring the Trajectories and Linguistic Identities of Selected African Migrants in Cape Town, South Africa. 2018. Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of the Western Cape, 2018.
ORMAN, J. Language and ‘new’ African migration to South Africa: an overview and some reflections on theoretical implications for policy and planning. Language Policy, v. 11, p. 301-322, 2012.
PARK, Y. Y.; CHEN, A. Y. Recent Chinese Migrants in small Towns of Post-apartheid South Africa. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, v. 25, n. 1, p. 25-44, 2009.
PRABHAKARAN, V. The Telugu Language and its Influence on the Cultural Lives of the Hindu “Pravasandhras” in South Africa. 1991. Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1991.
PRABHAKARAN, V. Social stratification in South African Telugu – a sociolinguistic case study. Alternation, v. 4, n. 2, p. 136–61, 1997.
REITZES, M.; CRAWHALL, N. Silenced by Nation-Building: African Immigrants and Language Policy in the New South Africa. Cape Town: South African Migration Project, 1997.
RWODZI, D. Linguistic Challenges faced by Foreign Migrant Workers and Informal Traders in Gauteng. 2011. Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of South Africa, 2011.
SIBIZA, G. Language and identity negotiations: an analysis of the experiences of Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of African Cultural Studies, v. 26, n. 2, p. 173-188, 2013a.
SIBIZA, G. Language and the politics of identity in South Africa: The case of Zimbabwean (Shona and Ndebele speaking) migrants in Johannesburg. 2013b. Thesis (Ph.D.) thesis, University of Stellenbosch, 2013b.
THOMPSON, M. Multilingualism in the workplace: communicative practices between store owners and assistants in Chinese shops in Cape Town. 2019. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Stellenbosch University, 2018.
THOMPSON, M. China Town as a multilingual workplace. SPiL plus, v. 56, p. 59-64, 2019.
THOMPSON, M.; ANTHONISSEN, C. Transnational Traders’ Discourse: Informal Language Policy Emerging in a South African Chinatown. Language Matters, v. 50, n. 1, p. 3-24, 2019.
UMANA, H. Nigerian Pidgin English in Cape Town: exploring speaker’s attitudes and use in diaspora. 2017. Dissertation (M.A.) - University of Cape Town, 2017.
VERTOVEC, S. Introduction: New directions in the anthropology of migration and multiculturalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, v. 30, n. 6, p. 961-978, 2007a.
VERTOVEC, S. Superdiversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, v. 30, n. 6, p. 1024-1054, 2007b.
VIGOUROUX, C. ‘J’ai trop de langues dans ma tête’. In: BOUILLON, A. (Ed.). Immigration Africaine En Afrique Du Sud. Paris and Johannesburg: IFAS-Karthala, 1999. p. 171–197.
VIGOUROUX, C. ‘Je suis estranger en anglais c’est pas ma langue’. La langue comme objet de discours en contexte migratoire: Cape Town (Afrique du Sud). Le Francais en Afrique, v. 25, p. 9–28, 2001.
VIGOUROUX, C. Rencontre(s) d’un autre type: Dynamique identitaire et stratégies discursives en situation d’entretien. Lidil, v. 29, p. 127–50, 2004.
VIGOUROUX, C. ‘There are no whites in Africa:’ Territoriality, language and identity among Francophone Africans in Cape Town. Language & Communication, v. 25, p. 237-255, 2005.
VIGOUROUX, C. “The smuggling of La Francophonie”: Francophone Africans in Anglophone Cape Town (South Africa). Language in Society, v. 37, p. 415–434, 2008.
VIGOUROUX, C. B. From Africa to Africa: migration, globalization and language vitality. In: VIGOUROUX, C. B.; MUFWENE, S. S. (Eds.). Globalization and language vitality: Perspectives from Africa. London: Continuum Press, 2009. p. 229–254.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista da Anpoll
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os trabalhos publicados na Revista da Anpoll são licenciados sob os termos da licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional. Assim, os/as autores/as ou terceiros podem copiar e redistribuir o material licenciado em qualquer suporte ou formato, e remixar, transformar, ou criar a partir do material desde que sejam dados os devidos créditos ao trabalho original. Ressalta-se que a redistribuição, transformação ou criação, de iniciativa de dos/as autores/as ou de terceiros, deve mencionar a precedência de sua publicação neste periódico, citando-se o volume, número e data desta publicação.